Understanding Skin Cancer: What You Need to Know

May is Skin Cancer and Melanoma Awareness Month, making it the perfect time to discuss these critical topics. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, affecting people of all ages and skin types. Understanding what it is, how to prevent it, and what to do if you suspect you have it can make a significant difference in early detection and treatment.

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the skin. The primary risk factor is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds though there are many other factors that can be involved including a patient's genetics. The three main types of skin cancer include:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

The most common type of skin cancer, BCC often appears as a shiny bump, pinkish patch, or a sore that won’t heal. While it grows slowly and is rarely life-threatening, early detection is key to preventing complications. People often notice it as a "pimple" that won't heal or go away.

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer. It can present as a scaly red patch, an open sore, or a wart-like growth that won’t heal. SCC can grow deeper into the skin and spread to other areas if left untreated.

3. Melanoma

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer on this list. It can develop from an existing mole or appear as a new dark spot on the skin. If not caught early, melanoma can spread to other organs and become life-threatening.

How to Prevent Skin Cancer

Preventing skin cancer starts with protecting your skin from harmful UV rays. Follow these essential tips:

• Wear Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least an SPF 30 (but I often recommend 50 or higher) daily, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

• Seek Shade: The sun’s rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Limit direct sun exposure during these hours.

• Cover Up: Protect your skin with wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and UPF-rated clothing for added protection.

• Avoid Tanning Beds: Artificial UV exposure significantly increases your risk of skin cancer. Opt for sunless tanning products instead.

Recognizing Skin Cancer: What to Look For

Performing regular skin self-exams can help with early detection. Look for:

• New Moles or Spots: Any new or unusual growths on your skin should be monitored.

• Changes in Existing Moles: Pay attention to changes in size, shape, color, or texture.

• Sores That Don’t Heal: If a sore persists for more than a few weeks, seek evaluation from a dermatologist.

When to See a Dermatologist

If you notice any suspicious skin changes, new lesions or symptomatic lesions, it is important to schedule an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist as soon as possible. Early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment.

Skin cancer is a serious yet largely treatable disease. As with most diseases, the first step is prevention using the steps above. And, early detection is paramount. By taking proactive steps to protect your skin and being vigilant about changes, you can significantly reduce your risk. Stay sun-safe and prioritize your skin health!