Melasma is often triggered by a combination of factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or birth control), and genetics. It typically occurs on sun-exposed areas of the face, including the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip.

While melasma is not permanent, it can be challenging to treat, especially without consistent care. With the right treatment plan, which includes sun protection and targeted therapies, melasma can be managed and the appearance of dark spots reduced.

Sun exposure is one of the main triggers for melasma flare-ups. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a tinted SPF is crucial because it offers additional protection against visible light, which can worsen melasma. Consistent use helps prevent further darkening of the skin.

While treatment can reduce melasma significantly, it may return if proper sun protection isn't maintained or if there are further hormonal changes. Ongoing care and maintenance are essential to prevent recurrence.

The results of melasma treatments vary based on the severity and the method used. Typically, it can take several weeks to months to notice improvement. Patience and consistent treatment are key for achieving the best outcome.